Costa Blanca, a picturesque coastline along the Mediterranean Sea in southeastern Spain, is renowned for its white sandy beaches, sunny weather, and diverse cultural attractions. Resort towns like Benidorm, Alicante, Torrevieja, Calpe, and Altea attract millions of tourists every year. This article explores the history of these towns’ development into resort centers and provides a brief overview and analysis of tourism activity in each of them.
1. Ancient Roots: Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Long before becoming modern resorts, Costa Blanca was inhabited by ancient civilizations. The Phoenicians, Romans, and Moors left a significant legacy, visible in archaeological sites and architectural monuments. For instance, Roman villas and aqueducts can still be found around Alicante.
During the Middle Ages, the region was part of the Arab-controlled Al-Andalus, later reclaimed by the Spanish Crown during the Reconquista. Medieval fortresses like the Castillo de Santa Bárbara in Alicante and Castell de Guadalest near Altea reflect this era’s tumultuous history. However, the coastline remained sparsely populated and far from becoming a tourist destination.
2. The 19th Century: The Beginnings of Tourism
By the mid-19th century, the Spanish coastline started attracting European elites seeking seaside retreats and health benefits. Early tourists visited Alicante and surrounding areas for the mild climate and therapeutic properties of the seawater. However, tourism developed slowly and remained local.
The true breakthrough came with the construction of railways, connecting the region to the rest of Spain and Europe. By the late 19th century, hotels and guesthouses began to appear in Alicante and other Costa Blanca towns.
3. The 20th Century: The Era of Mass Tourism
The rapid development of Costa Blanca resorts started in the mid-20th century. After World War II, mass tourism surged along the coast, supported by the Spanish government, which saw economic benefits in developing tourism infrastructure. Cities like Benidorm and Alicante experienced significant growth, becoming central hubs for tourism.
Benidorm’s transformation was driven by its mayor, Pedro Zaragoza Orts, who launched ambitious projects in the 1950s to turn the fishing village into an international resort, complete with skyscrapers and numerous hotels.
4. Modern Era: Sustainable Development and Cultural Heritage
Today, Costa Blanca resorts focus on preserving their cultural and natural heritage while continuing to develop tourism. Many towns emphasize sustainable tourism, offering not only beach vacations but also cultural, gastronomic, and sports activities.
Overview and Analysis of Tourism in Costa Blanca Resort Towns
Alicante
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- Historical Overview: Alicante’s origins date back to the Roman period when it was known as Lucentum. The city flourished under Moorish rule, and its most iconic landmark, the Santa Bárbara Castle, was built during this time. After the Reconquista, Alicante became a key port city under the Spanish Crown, contributing to its economic growth.
- Modern Description: Today, Alicante is the vibrant capital of the province, known for its Explanada de España promenade, beautiful beaches, and a rich cultural scene. The city is also a significant transport hub, with a major airport and railway connections. Alicante attracts tourists year-round, offering a blend of history, culture, and beach activities.
Benidorm
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- Historical Overview: Benidorm was a small fishing village for centuries, with little to no recognition beyond the local area. Its fortunes changed dramatically in the 1950s when Mayor Pedro Zaragoza Orts initiated an ambitious urban planning project. This transformation turned Benidorm into a pioneering resort town, known for its high-rise buildings and innovative tourism model.
- Modern Description: Today, Benidorm is one of Europe’s most famous resorts, often referred to as the “Manhattan of Spain” due to its skyscrapers. The town is synonymous with vibrant nightlife, endless entertainment, and stunning beaches like Levante and Poniente. Benidorm attracts a diverse crowd, from families to young revelers, offering something for everyone.
Torrevieja
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- Historical Overview: Originally a small fishing and salt-mining village, Torrevieja’s name means “Old Tower,” referencing the ancient watchtower that once stood there. The town began to develop more significantly in the 19th century when its salt production became central to the economy.
- Modern Description: Today, Torrevieja is known for its large expat community and therapeutic salt lakes. The town’s mild climate makes it a popular destination for elderly tourists and those seeking health benefits. Torrevieja offers a relaxed lifestyle with an emphasis on outdoor activities, attracting visitors year-round.
Calpe
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- Historical Overview: Calpe has a rich history dating back to the Iberians and later the Romans, who established settlements in the area. The town’s most recognizable feature, the Peñón de Ifach, was used as a natural fortress throughout various historical periods.
- Modern Description: Calpe is now a picturesque town, famous for its beautiful beaches and historical charm. The Peñón de Ifach is a symbol of the town, attracting hikers and nature lovers. Calpe is also known for its seafood, with numerous restaurants offering fresh catches daily. The town attracts tourists who enjoy a mix of relaxation and adventure.
Altea
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- Historical Overview: Altea’s history is marked by its strategic coastal position, making it a desirable location for various civilizations, including the Iberians, Romans, and Moors. The town’s name is derived from the Arabic word “Althaya,” meaning “health to all.”
- Modern Description: Today, Altea is known as the artistic heart of Costa Blanca. The town’s whitewashed houses, narrow streets, and stunning sea views make it a favorite among artists and tourists seeking a serene atmosphere. Altea’s old town is particularly charming, offering a peaceful retreat with a focus on art, culture, and natural beauty.
Conclusion
Costa Blanca’s resort towns have evolved from ancient settlements into modern tourist destinations. Each town has unique features, attracting different types of tourists—from beachgoers to those interested in cultural and active experiences. Modern trends focus on sustainable development and preserving cultural heritage, making Costa Blanca one of Spain’s most attractive regions for vacations.
Glossary of Names, Historical Periods, and Explanatory Notes
- Phoenicians, Romans, Moors – Ancient civilizations that inhabited Costa Blanca before and during the Middle Ages.
- Al-Andalus – A region on the Iberian Peninsula under Moorish control during the Middle Ages.
- Reconquista – The process of Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors, completed in the 15th century.
- Castillo de Santa Bárbara – A fortress atop Mount Benacantil in Alicante.
- Castell de Guadalest – A medieval castle in the province of Alicante, near Altea.
- Pedro Zaragoza Orts – The mayor of Benidorm in the 1950s who played a key role in transforming the town into a tourist center.
- Peñón de Ifach – A monumental rock in Calpe, symbolizing the town.
- Explanada de España – The main promenade in Alicante, famous for its unique mosaic pavement.
Real Estate on Costa Blanca
The resort towns of Costa Blanca not only attract tourists but also real estate investors. Alicante, Benidorm, Torrevieja, Calpe, and Altea offer a wide range of properties—from modern sea-view apartments to traditional Spanish-style villas. Property prices vary depending on location and type, making the region appealing for both permanent residence and investment.
If you are interested in buying property on Costa Blanca, check out our detailed article on the region’s real estate market. The article offers up-to-date information, tips on choosing the right property, and insights into investment opportunities.
